Weblog OKU 2

This blog are use both English language and Malays langauge. Anything issues about disabled people can be disscused here. This Blog also known as WEBLOG OKU. Blogger 1 January 2007

 
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Sindrom nefrotik kerap serang budak lelaki
Sunday, March 25, 2007
Berita Minggu, 25 mac 2007

Oleh Hafizah Iszahanid


Kerosakan buah pinggang penyebab kebocoran protein khusus kepada kanak-kanak

MASALAH kesihatan kanak-kanak membuatkan ibu bapa cukup risau dan terganggu. Apatah lagi jika membabitkan risiko kes berulang yang tinggi antaranya sindrom nefrotik yang kerap terjadi di kalangan kanak-kanak usia dua hingga enam tahun.
Pakar Kanak-Kanak Pusat Perubatan Kelana Jaya, Dr Meghana Poovaneswaran, berkata sindrom nefrotik adalah kerosakan pada buah pinggang menyebabkan kebocoran protein yang terjadi khusus kepada kanak-kanak.

Katanya, sindrom nefrotik lebih kerap terjadi di kalangan kanak-kanak lelaki.

Daripada keseluruhan kes sindrom nefrotik, hanya 16 peratus pesakit sembuh sepenuhnya manakala bakinya kembali diserang sindrom itu sekurang-kurangnya dua kali dalam jangka hayatnya.

“Sindrom nefrotik merujuk kepada keadaan buah pinggang yang rosak. Ia selalunya disebabkan penyakit yang menjejaskan fungsi sistem ‘penapisan’ buah pinggang. Kerap kali sindrom nefrotik dikaitkan dengan masalah seperti bengkak air (oedema), kekurangan serum albumin (yang mengawal kadar darah) dan protein dalam air kencing.

“Darah dibersihkan dalam buah pinggang apabila ia melalui penapis kecil yang dikenali sebagai ‘nefron’. Setiap buah pinggang memiliki sejuta nefron. Antara fungsi buah pinggang adalah mengeluarkan hasil buangan daripada darah (seperti asid urik) selain mengekalkan keseimbangan nutrisi, garam dan air,” katanya.

Katanya, apabila buah pinggang rosak, kebocoran protein akan berlaku dan dua protein yang biasa ditemui dalam air kencing adalah albumin serta globulin.

“Jika tahap protein dalam darah menurun, cecair keluar daripada kapilari darah dan menyebabkan kanak-kanak kelihatan bengkak (oedema),” katanya.

Beliau berkata, ia boleh muncul dalam dua keadaan, iaitu permulaan (primary) dan tahap kedua berkaitan dengan masalah lain (secondary).

Katanya, kebanyakan pesakit berada dalam keadaan pertama dengan 99 peratus tergolong dalam kategori ‘minimal change disease (MCD) atau penyakit perubahan minima yang boleh sembuh dengan menggunakan steroid.

Bagaimanapun, katanya perlu diingatkan, kadar kes berulang di kalangan pesakit sindrom nefrotik sangat tinggi.

“Biasanya MCD memiliki prognosis yang baik, tetapi dua kategori lagi dalam tahap pertama ini iaitu ‘focal segmental glomenilosclerosis’ (FSGS) dan ‘mesanglo-capillary glomenilonephritis’ (MCGN) tidak memiliki prognosis yang baik,” katanya.

Beliau berkata, sindrom nefrotik tahap kedua biasanya terjadi disebabkan kehadiran penyakit lain seperti hepatitis dan penggunaan sesetengah ubat.

“Tiada siapa mengetahui bagaimana sindrom nefrotik terjadi. Ia tidak diwarisi dan tidak boleh dikaitkan dengan amalan pemakanan. Apa yang diketahui, sindrom nephrotik sangat kerap terjadi di kalangan kanak-kanak Asia berbanding kanak-kanak Barat, iaitu 3:100,000 di Barat manakala di Asia 16:100,000,” katanya.

Katanya, kebanyakan orang kehilangan kurang daripada 150 miligram protein melalui air kencing dalam tempoh 24 jam. Mereka yang berhadapan dengan sindrom nefrotik pula boleh kehilangan lebih daripada 3.5gram dalam tempoh sama atau 25 jam.

“Oleh kerana ia memiliki risiko berulang yang tinggi, kanak-kanak itu juga mungkin berhadapan dengan masalah kegagalan fungsi buah pinggang apabila dewasa,” katanya.

Simptom

Simptom paling ketara adalah bengkak pada buku lali dan kaki. Bagaimanapun, biasanya ia akan menyerang muka terlebih dahulu. Muka pesakit akan menjadi bengkak hingga menyebabkan matanya sepet.

Biasanya ibu bapa membawa anak berjumpa doktor kerana muka anak mereka bengkak. Mereka tidak tahu anak mereka berhadapan dengan sindorm nephrotik.

Selain mata dan kaki, perut kanak-kanak itu juga membengkak. Bagi kanak-kanak lelaki pula zakarnya juga turut membengkak.

Ibu bapa juga akan mengadu anak mereka kurang membuang air. Bagi ibu bapa yang prihatin mereka juga mungkin mengadu kencing anak mereka berbuih.

Kanak-kanak yang berhadapan dengan sindrom nephrotik juga tidak berselera makan dan kelihatan pucat.

INFO
Komplikasi Sindrom Nephrotik

# Kekurangan air (dehidrasi).
# Darah beku.
# Jangkitan atau radang pada membran rongga perut (peritonitis).
# Kegagalan buah pinggang berfungsi.

Diagnosis

# Ujian air kencing - lebihan protein membuatkan air kencing berbuih. Ujian air kencing membabitkan pengambilan untuk tempoh 24 jam. Ujian ini bagi mengetahui sama ada masalah yang dihadapi di peringkat permulaan, sederhana atau serius.

# Ujian darah - memeriksa tahap protein dalam darah dan creatinine (bahan buangan hasil daripada aktiviti otot).

# Biopsi tisu buah pinggang.

Rawatan

# MCD boleh sembuh dengan sendiri, tetapi jika masalah itu masih berterusan, ubat-ubatan yang dibekalkan boleh membantu.

# Secara umum, rawatan diberikan mengikut keadaan pesakit antaranya diet, lebihkan protein, tinggi pengambilan serat, rendah lemak dan rendah pengambilan garam. Diet begini mampu mengurangkan jumlah pengumpulan cecair setiap hari.

# Selain itu, ubat-ubatan seperti steroid boleh membantu. Jika ia terjadi disebabkan faktor lain seperti diabetik, pengawalan diabetik mengurangkan masalah ini.

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Dari Penulis/ Owner Weblog OKU 2
Assalamualaikum...

Weblog ini diwujudkan untuk mengumpulkan sebanyak mungkin maklumat-maklumat berkenaan OKU.

Ia merupakan kesinambungan dari weblog oku 1 iaitu Anything About Disabled People.

Penulis/ owner of this blog adalah seorang OKU yang terlibat dalam kemalangan jalanraya pada Ogos 1992 di lebuhraya Paloh Inai, Kuantan, Pahang.

Itulah serba sedikit mengenai biodata penulis/ owner blog.

Wassallam...

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1 January 2007
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40 Reasons why you should join AGLOCO

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Now, if you aren't yet a member, after everything I just told you, you're not going to go and sign up?

Author: Michael H. Lewis

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